Electrically tunable permittivity of graphene provides an excellent tool in photonic device design. Many previous works on graphene-based photonic devices relied on variable absorption in graphene, ...

When a ray of light that is travelling through a piece of glass strikes the interface between the glass and the air, it changes direction according to Snell’s law. If the angle of incidence is less ...

Light that is reflected back from the edge of the medium it is traveling through. When light rays travel at an angle greater than the "critical" angle, which is determined by the medium, the light ...

Geometrical diffuse reflection is a common optical phenomenon that occurs when a reflecting surface has roughness of order of hundreds of micrometres. Light rays thus reflect uniformly in all ...