Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

In a perfect world, all the electrical current sent along a conductive wire would reach its intended destination. However, in the real world some of it is lost along the way for various reasons. Wires ...

In a perfect world, electrical insulation would allow no current to flow through it. Unfortunately, several factors can — and will — result in the deterioration and ultimate failure of electrical ...

Let's start with DC voltage, one of the simplest and most-used multimeter measurements. The DC voltage measurement is used to determine the difference in electrical potential between two points in a ...

In the first part of this series on the highs and lows of resistance measurements, I discussed the basic principles for making two- and 4-wire resistance measurements for measuring resistances of less ...

Most precision digital multimeters (DMMs) and many source measurement units (SMUs) offer both two-wire and four-wire resistance measurement capabilities. However, these two techniques are not equally ...

If you want to measure resistance and you know Ohm’s law, it seems like you have an easy answer, right? Feed a known current through the thing you want to measure and read the voltage required. A ...

Common traits of digital multimeters (DMMs). Classifying DMMs by their amount of digits. What role do digitizers play in making voltage measurements? Measuring voltage may be the most basic ...