The plant cell wall functions not only as a physical barrier to microbial invasion but also as a dynamic interface that senses damage and orchestrates defence responses. Composed primarily of ...

In a paradigm-breaking study, researchers have discovered a novel way the immune system, specifically T cells, attack their target cells, reshaping long-held assumptions in immunology and ...

Full-body defense does not always look the way textbooks say it should. In planarian flatworms, a newly identified cell type ...

T cells are specialized immune cells responsible for identifying and targeting infections. When the body experiences ...